Flower Fed Buffaloes free essay sample

It is about â€Å"Flower Fed Buffaloes† where the past times take pass and that the wild oxen didn't live there in light of the fact that trains has assumed control over the grassland, where bison were. Three key strategies utilized by the artist were similar sounding word usage, allegory and reiteration. They were viable on the grounds that they helped me comprehend the topic. The topic is the wild oxen grasslands have been taken over by the cutting edge innovation and have slaughtered them. Similitude was one key method utilized in this sonnet which was viable in light of the fact that it made a striking picture of the wild oxen on the grasslands. The allegories additionally helped me comprehend the topic of the sonnet. The allegory â€Å"locomotives sing†, infers the trains make a clamor that is more euphoric than the wild oxen however actually the commotion isn't. The trains could be viewed as a living animal however they are in actuality supplanting the genuine living animals, the wild oxen. â€Å"They roar no more†, the analogy enables the peruser to comprehend that progress has arrived at the grasslands and the once incredible bison have been influenced by the intensity of industrialisation. We will compose a custom paper test on Blossom Fed Buffaloes or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The analogy â€Å"swept away† makes a picture in the psyche that the wild oxen are cleared away and pushed out rapidly by the pilgrims. The wild oxen are viewed as waste and getting slaughtered from the pilgrims with the industrialisation and trains. Similar sounding word usage was of another sort of key strategy utilized it the writer attracting the perusers. In the artist on line four the words â€Å"lie low† are utilized to depict the grassland blossoms are being cut and expelled from the machines. In the last two lines of the sonnet these words change to â€Å"lying low† to depict the Indian clans either covering up in the remote spots. They are experiencing the effect of industrialisation and the better approach for lie realized by progress. Much the same as the wild ox, the Indian clans are additionally â€Å"swept away† from the grasslands. The nature is weak in light of the fact that the land, the creatures and the individuals can’t protect themselves against the advancement of the machines. In the writer by V. Lindsay has utilized redundancy to tell the industrialisation in the writer has come. In line seven the redundancy â€Å"wheels and haggles turn by†, the wheels portray there are prepares parts and heaps of them. The wheels are rehashed multiple times. In this way there is various of trains and the components are creating. The trains in the writer would have a ton of travelers going town to town so the grasslands are dominated. In that the nature on those grasslands is powerless so they can’t spare themselves from it. The words â€Å"long ago† shows that it was past time quite a while back and that it is rehashed twice with the goal that the sonnet is disclosing to us to what extent this was set in. Taking everything into account this sonnet of Flower Fed Buffaloes by V. Lindsay has utilized an assortment of procedures, for example, similar sounding word usage, representation and reiteration to pass on the thoughts of the sonnet. These methods were successful helping me comprehend the possibility of the advancement and its effect on nature. The normal world is weak against the essence of modernisation. The writer causes me to feel for the grasslands , the bison and the Indians whose lifestyle has been changed everlastingly and can't be reestablished back to previously.

Microwave Remote Sensing in Forestry

Microwave Remote Sensing in Forestry Foundation: Microwave remote detecting at frequencies going from 1 cm to 1 m has increased a great deal of significance over the previous decade for a wide scope of logical applications with the accessibility of dynamic radar imaging frameworks. Its potential in spatial applications has been deductively settled in different areas like ranger service, farming, land use and land spread, geography and hydrology. An assortment of utilizations have been completed world over utilizing microwave information like segregation of yield types, crop condition checking, soil dampness recovery, depiction of woods openings, estimation of timberland over the ground biomass, woodland mapping; backwoods structure and fire scar mapping, topographical mapping, observing wetlands and snow spread, ocean ice distinguishing proof, beach front windfield estimation, wave incline estimation, transport location, shoreline recognition, substrate mapping, smooth identification and general vegetation mapping (Kasischke et al. , 1997). There is a rising enthusiasm on microwave remote detecting, as microwave sensors can picture a surface with fine goals of a couple of meters to coarse goals of a couple of kilometers. They give symbolism to a given goals autonomously of elevation, constrained distinctly by the transmitter power accessible. Central boundaries like polarization and look edge can be differed to advance the framework for a particular application. SAR imaging is free of sunlight based brightening as the framework gives its own wellspring of enlightenment. It can work freely of climate conditions if adequately long frequencies are picked. It works in a band of electromagnetic range not quite the same as the groups utilized by noticeable and infrared (IR) symbolisms. Microwave applications in Forestry Utilizations of microwave remote detecting in ranger service have likewise been accounted for during the ongoing past. Late audits on the utilization of radar in ranger service show that SAR frameworks have a decent capacity in separating different kinds of (tropical) backwoods spread utilizing multi-fleeting and multi-recurrence SAR information (Vander Sanden, 1997; Varekamp, 2001; Quinones, 2002; Sgrenzaroli, 2004). These examinations indicated that the biomass reliance of radar backscatter fluctuates as an element of radar frequency, polarization and occurrence edge. Moreover ongoing examinations have exhibited that manufactured opening radar (SAR) can be utilized to assess over the ground standing biomass. Until this point, these investigations have depended on broad ground-truth estimations to develop connections among biomass and SAR backscatter (Steininger, 1996; Rignot et al., 1997). Numerous investigations exhibited the utilization of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote detecting to recover biophysical attributes from woodland targets (Richards, 1990). In spite of the fact that radar backscatter from timberland is impacted by their auxiliary properties (Imhoff, 1995), prior investigations determined helpful connections between backscattering coefficients and the over the ground biomass (Baker et., 1994; Le Toan et al., 1992; Dobson et el., 1992; Imhoff; 1995). These connections may give a strategy for checking backwoods biological systems which assume such an indispensable job in carbon stockpiling and NPP. Microwave remote detecting has the benefit of all climate capacity inclusion defeating the tireless issue of overcast spread in satellite pictures like in optical information. Optical remote detecting is being utilized effectively in different applications identified with earth assets studies and checking of nature. Be that as it may, optical remote detecting isn't reasonable for every climatic condition. It can't infiltrate through mists and murkiness. In numerous zones of the world, the successive cloud conditions regularly control the procurement of great remotely detected information by optical sensors. In this way, radar information has become the main possible method of securing remotely detected information inside a given time structure on the grounds that the radar frameworks can gather Earth include information independent of climate or light conditions. Because of this one of a kind element of radar information contrasted and optical sensor information, the radar informatio n have been utilized widely in numerous fields, including backwoods spread recognizable proof and mapping, separation of woods compartments and woodland types, estimation of timberland stand boundaries and observing of backwoods. In territories where vegetation spread is thick, it outwardly covers the hidden development and it is hard to distinguish basic restricting the utilization of optical sensors. Radar be that as it may, is sufficiently delicate to topographic variety that it can recognize the basic articulation reflected in the tree top shelter, and along these lines the structure might be unmistakably characterized on the radar symbolism. In light of this foundation, the ebb and flow proposal work has been completed to investigate the capability of microwave information in tending to center territories of tropical ranger service viz., vegetation arrangement, over the ground biomass estimation and so on., and to give the clients/analysts a significant information base of SAR applications in tropical ranger service, explicitly over the India district. Examination questions: Which SAR frequency/recurrence band is suitable for vegetation order in tropical backwoods? How much over the ground biomass can be estimated in tropical backwoods? Which recurrence band and polarization are reasonable for over the ground biomass estimation? Is there any improvement in vegetation characterization with polarimetric/interferometric information than remain solitary plentifulness information? Examination theory: In view of the past examinations and prior referenced exploration questions, we comprehend that the backscatter increments with the expansion in over the ground biomass and relies upon frequency groups, polarizations utilized and on the investigation region, topographic varieties and species sythesis. Along these lines, the current examination endeavors to infer the application capability of airborne and space borne SAR information in the measurement of the woodland assets in tropical areas like India, both as a corresponding and strengthening job to optical datasets. Various methods, for example, Regression investigation, multi-sensor combination, surface measures and interferometric cognizance describe distinctive biomass scopes of the test destinations and characterization of significant land spread classes. This examination would encourage scope for future exploration in tropical districts to investigate the possibilities of SAR information in land spread grouping or more ground biomass estimation utilizing the polarimetric and interferometric methods. Destinations: In light of this foundation, the current examination focuses on the accompanying goals: Vegetation type grouping utilizing polarimetric and interferometric SAR information. Woods over the ground biomass estimation utilizing multi-recurrence SAR information and ground stocked information. Vegetation order is important to comprehend the decent variety of species in a given territory which gives over the ground biomass with estimated boundaries. Subsequently, vegetation characterization improves the estimation of the over the ground biomass. Woods biomass is a key boundary in understanding the carbon cycle and deciding paces of carbon stockpiling, the two of which are enormous vulnerabilities for timberland environments. Exact information on biophysical boundaries of the environments is fundamental to build up a comprehension of the biological system and their collaborations, to give input models of biological system and worldwide procedures, to test these models and to screen changes in environment elements and procedures after some time. Subsequently, it is a valuable measure for evaluating changes in timberland structure, looking at basic and utilitarian traits of woodland biological systems over a wide scope of ecological conditions. Knowing the spatial dispersion of backwoods biomass is significant as the information on biomass is required for figuring the sources and sinks of carbon that come about because of changing over a timberland to cleared land and the other way around, to know the spatial circulation of biomass which empowers estimation of progress through time. Field testing is the most followed ordinary technique for vegetation type grouping. The ID of various species in field yields great outcomes in the estimation of the over the ground biomass. It is very tedious, costly and convoluted. With the utilization of numerous sensors, fluctuated information assortment and understanding procedures, remote detecting is a flexible device that can give information about the outside of the earth to suit any need (Reene et al, 2001). Remote detecting approach for vegetation characterization is financially savvy and furthermore time viable. In spite of the fact that the distinguishing proof of the tree species is conceivable just from the flying symbolism, significant woods types can be recognized from the airborne and the spaceborne remote detecting information. Visual picture understanding gives a practical methods for vegetation arrangement in woodlands. The picture attributes of shape, size, design, shadow, tone and surface are utilized by translators in tree species ID. Phenological connections are valuable in tree species recognizable proof. Changes in the presence of trees in various periods of the year a few times empower segregation of species that are unclear on single dates. The utilization of multi-transient remote detecting information empowers the mapping of the distinctive timberland types. SAR has demonstrated its potential for ordering and observing geophysical boundaries both locally and all inclusive. Fantastic works were completed on the grouping utilizing a few methodologies, for example, polarimetric information deterioration (Lee et al., 1998), information based methodologies considering the hypothetical backscatter demonstrating and exploratory perceptions ( Ramson and Sun , 1994) ; Backscatter model-related reversal approaches ( Kurvonen et al., 1999), neural systems and information combination approaches ( Chen et al., 1996). Dong et al. (2001) have indicated that the grouping precision of 95% for the vegetation classes could be accomplished through the division and characterization of the SAR information utilizing

Cloud Operating System Architecture Free Essays

Distributed computing Architecture Tall Tanager designer. talha@gmail. Com Abstract? A splendid vision of things to come starts up with the new innovations of distributed computing. We will compose a custom article test on Cloud Operating System Architecture or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Another point of view towards how records, pictures, reports are shared, gotten to and changed over the World Wide Web. In this we investigate the design of cloud PCs, recognize and clarify the various layers from customer to have. It additionally talks about how we will have the option to configuration, execute, create and enhance later on with less expensive costs, better proficiency by the utilization of amazing frameworks on the cloud nearly whenever and anyplace around the world. A world with mind blowing virtual frameworks being made reasonable for everybody. Looking forward the following decade, distributed computing vows to team up wherever through cell phones. Presentation Cloud figuring can be viewed as an extremely encouraging eventual fate of processing with less expensive costs, application proficiency and an entryway opening for many individuals around the world not having the option to bear the cost of ground-breaking frameworks for training, work and improvement. Given the capacity that it will permit individuals to direct geophysical displaying tests, render top of the line designs anyplace and whenever in he world will prompt advancement by numerous individuals with thoughts being equipped for executing them for a reasonable expense. It can store enormous measure of information, improve availability, secure information by making it accessible to approved clients just and convey web contents for PH, Perl, ASP. NET and a few others in a hurry as it incorporates a stage for an Apache and MYSELF TM Database Server. In particular sharing recordings, music and archives over the web would be unquestionably increasingly proficient as documents would never again be required to transferred rather would require get to consent. From displaying AD diagrams to incorporate photographs, maps with a bunch of web administrations, noisy figuring would exceptionally profit huge business enterprises. Catchphrases? work together, moderate costs, productivity, coordinate The Layers †An Outer Look Here is a portrayal of design of a typical cloud PC. The principal layer being the customer layer is an internet browser on a versatile or tablet gadget. An application has three layers, graphical interface layer (client association), application layer (the coding-level) and the database layer (for putting away information). Figure 1-1 (Graphical Representation of the various layers) Next we have cloud benefits, the administration required for applications to run I. Apache administrations, database servers and so on. This layer can't be legitimately altered by the customer. Close by these is the cloud runtime for capacity and table administrations. These could be different applications, for example, an enemy of infection apparatus, a help for document move, POP association administrations. In conclusion we have the Infrastructure and capacity. This has to do with the equipment, the physical structure of the framework to guarantee most extreme solidness, forestall occurrences, for example, shortcircuits, guarantee cooling and so on. Organization and User Experience User Intent Interface To have the option to redo your PC and have an adaptable domain to work in sakes a significant factor in the general engineering structure of the framework. End-clients peer out additional for the plan; the speed and getting to their projects easily as opposed to stress over the framework or web administrations. Here the objective should focus on quick application arrangement, administrations ought to be refreshed naturally, and responsiveness ought to be quick. Planning On Established Trends Cloud PCs are sent on built up patterns to diminish cost out of the conveyance of administrations as it speeds up and power at which administrations are conveyed. Distributed computing offers on-request sending in less time with decreased expense and greatest proficiency. From one viewpoint, it is by all accounts the same old thing as it approaches ideas previously manufactured and set up anyway from another point of view, distributed computing is something finished new as it creates thoughts on how we send, update, scale, imagine and keep up our applications over an immense system. In the course of the most recent couple of years, virtual machines have become the standard organization object. We have perceived how individuals associate with remote PCs utilizing worked in applications. As should be obvious, it further improves the adaptability as the framework is all out swinging on the host. For example, an individual can lease a PC for a couple of hours being given the validation by have. Along these lines, numerous individuals can approach amazing frameworks for less expense without expecting to update equipment to upgrade their frameworks. Figure 1-2 shows a run of the mill remote work area association. This shows how distributed computing has changed throughout the years and been improved. Distributed computing guarantees us later on to have the option to get to PCs through internet browsers with unwavering quality and a moderate expense. Watchwords? on request organization, adaptability, treatment, speculation Figure 1-2 (an ordinary remote-work area association) Infrastructure Programmable Infrastructure previously, designers would recognize how the different segment of utilization would be overseen, made sure about, changed, interconnected, and sent. Presently an engineer would have the option to utilize a Cloud Provider’s API to control the application in a hurry and that as well as to oversee colossal remaining task at hand changes. Think about this relationship: A Java designer makes and erases string to do various exercises simultaneously but at this point engineers can do likewise yet adjust the application progressively giving them capacity to suit as needs be. To make the best out of distributed computing, a designer must be a modeler having the option to make a self-logging and self-growing application for best client experience. Framework as a Service (tsk-tsk) oh dear is one of the essential assistance models of distributed computing. It gives figuring asset in a brutalized domain, â€Å"the cloud†, as a rule through an open system like the Internet. It incorporates qualities, for example, virtual server space, organize data transmission, IP and so on. A theory, for example, Java VIM makes virtual machines as well as permits you to interface with one over the web. Stage as a Service (Pas) Pas is another basic assistance model of distributed computing. In these models, the supplier conveys administrations, for example, a working framework, an executable situation (programming condition), database server and so on. Application designers can run and build up their projects on this stage administration without the expense of purchasing extra equipment. This is very valuable to the ones whom can't bear the cost of the advantage of ground-breaking frameworks and unpredictability of overseeing equipment. Programming as a Service (AAAS) AAAS is Just another key assistance model of distributed computing. Step by step instructions to refer to Cloud Operating System Architecture, Papers

Psychological Testing and Assessment and the DSM Essay

Mental Testing and Assessment and the DSM - Essay Example All the information and data from case history information is pivotal in helping test executives to increase great comprehension of the test taker’s example of conduct. With case history information, advisors can create and draw an important setting on which to make solid translation of current information about a client’s condition. As portrayed by Cohen, Sturman and Swerdlik (2013), clinical brain science worries with finding, avoidance and treatment of amazingly anomalous practices. Clinical analysts consider clinical meetings as a major aspect of instruments for gathering data about customers regarding their practices that cause doubt. Clinical meeting at that point is an instrument or apparatus of evaluation typically utilized by clinical clinicians to comprehend the real state of a test taker to decide their fittingness to step through exams. Cohen, Sturman and Swerdlik (2013) point that clinical meetings have helped clinicians to comprehend the chance of a test taker hurting self previously, during and after a test and coercion to treatment. As a rule, clinical meetings have end up being compelling ways that clinicians and customers arrange terms to build up able agreement to manage through treatment. This is to imply that clinicians utilize clinical meetings in conference with customers to set up objectiv es, common commitments and desires during and toward the finish of a treatment. Great clinical questioners try to set a positive ground and environment for talk with (Ployhart and MacKenzie, 2011). As a rule, prepared questioners start meets by open-finished inquiries and later as they gain trust and certainty of test takers, crash into shut inquiries. There are various types of meetings that clinicians can direct to test takers. The sort of a meeting for a given mental estimation relies upon different factors, for example, appearance, current mental

Introduction of Apollo food holdings berhad Essay

The Apollo Food Industry Company which is fabricating compound chocolate dessert shop items and layer cakes situated in Malaysia. Apollo’s item fundamentally isolated into two principle classifications. They are Chocolate Wafer items and Layer cake, Chocolate Layer Cake and Swiss move items. Apollo Company is the main organization in Malaysia which produce layer cakes and chocolate candy store items. These cakes are sent out exceptionally to Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, India, Middle East, Mauritius, and Maldives. The organization point is to consistently satisfy the client needs and necessity by utilizing the most recent types of gear and innovation. Presentation of oriental food industry berhad Oriental Food Industries Sdn Bhd was built up in 1978. Today the organization is in the main situation in the nibble food and candy parlor industry in Malaysia. The organization produce four general classifications of lousy nourishments; they are nibble food, wafer, potato tidbits and bread kitchen items. The organization different item has brand names like Rota, Super Ring, Jacker and Oriental are notable family unit brand names in Malaysia. The organization fabricating plants are situated in air keroh mechanical bequest in Malacca. Likewise step by step the organization go through a ton of cash for innovative work to meet the clients taste. Of late they were begin delivering potato chips and tidbits, potato crisps, delicate and layer cakes, water blocks, prawn saltines, Swiss moves, cream wafers, cheddar balls, chicken rings, vegetable and chicken enhanced items, corn snacks, green pea snacks, rice wafers, cheddar snacks, cuttlefish seasoned bites, and onion rings. The organization sent out those items to many Middle East nations and European nations. Proportion ANALYSIS Fluid RATIO Liquidity implies that the measure of cash accessible to the organization to take care of its momentary obligations. The higher liquidity proportion is the more secure the organization is. The basic liquidity proportions are present proportion and the brisk proportion. Current proportion = Apollo food property berhad 2009 2010 2011 =179.25 times = 118.15 occasions = 193.16 occasions Oriental food businesses berhad 2009 2010 2011 =169.00 times = 140.57 occasions = 0.92 occasions Transient leasers incline toward a high present proportion since it lessens their hazard. Investors may incline toward a lower current proportion so a greater amount of the firm’s resources are attempting to develop the business. One downside of the present proportion is that stock may incorporate numerous things that are hard to sell rapidly and that have unsure liquidation esteems. Speedy proportion = Apollo food possessions berhad 2009 2010 2011 =179.25 times = 118.15 occasions = 193.16 occasions Oriental food ventures berhad 2009 2010 2011 =169.00 times = 140.57 occasions = 0.92 occasions The brisk proportion is an elective proportion of liquidity that does exclude stock in the present resources. The present resources utilized in the fast proportion are money, debt claims, and notes receivable. These advantages basically are present resources less stock. The speedy proportion regularly is alluded to as the basic analysis proportion. Resource MANAGEMENT RATIOS Resource the executives proportions are the way to dissecting how adequately and productivity your independent company is dealing with its advantages for produce deals. Resource the executives proportions in any case called turnover proportions or proficiency proportions. At the point when the organization spends tremendous add up to purchase resources then the company’s working capital will be high. In the event that the organization don't contribute, at that point the deals will lessen and will influence the organization parcel through income benefit and stock costs. Resource the board proportion will tell how proficiently and how adequately the organization is utilizing the advantages for create the income. They show the capacity of an organization to make an interpretation of its benefits into the deals. Basic instances of advantage turnover proportions incorporate fixed resource turnover, stock turnover, creditor liabilities turnover proportion, records of sales turnover proportion, and money transformation cycle. These proportions give significant bits of knowledge into various budgetary regions of the organization and its highlights its qualities and shortcomings. High resource turnover proportions are useful for the organization since they imply that the organization is using its benefits effectively to deliver deals. Low mean strives versa. All out resource turnover Complete resource turnover is a budgetary proportion that quantifies the productivity of a company’s utilization of its advantages for item deals. It is a proportion of how proficiently the executives is utilizing the benefits available to its to advance deals. The proportion assists with estimating the profitability of a company’s resources. Complete resource turnover proportion Apollo food possessions berhad 2009 2010 2011 =0.046 times = 0.047 occasions = 0.150 occasions Oriental food ventures berhad 2009 2010 2011 =0.040 times = 0.096 occasions = 0.061 occasions Influence RATIO Money related influence proportions give a sign of the drawn out dissolvability of the firm. Influence proportion worried about transient resources and liabilities, financial influence proportions measure the degree to which the firm is utilizing long haul obligation. The primary components took a gander at incorporate obligation, value, resources and intrigue costs. Obligation proportion A proportion that demonstrates what extent of obligation an organization has comparative with its benefits . An obligation proportion of more prominent than 1 shows that an organization has more obligation than resources; in the interim, an obligation proportion of under 1 demonstrates that an organization has a bigger number of benefits than obligation. Obligation ratio= Apollo food possessions berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 0.29% = 0.53% = 0.32% Oriental food businesses berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 0.25% = 0.31% = 0.35% Obligation to value proportion The Debt to Equity Ratio gauges how much cash an organization ought to securely have the option to obtain over significant stretches of time. This is an estimation of how much providers, moneylenders, loan bosses and obligors have focused on the organization versus what the investors have submitted. A high obligation to value proportion by and large implies that an organization has been financing more, its development with obligation. This can bring about unstable profit because of the extra intrigue cost. Obligation value ratio= Apollo food property berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 0.29% = 0.53% = 0.33% Oriental food enterprises berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 0.25% = 0.31% = 0.35% Intrigue spread proportion The intrigue spread proportion discloses to us the wellbeing edge that the business has as far as having the option to meet its advantage commitments. The higher intrigue spread implies that the organization is in the protected side to meet the enthusiasm from the organization benefits. The lower intrigue spread is peril to the organization. The recipe for the premium inclusion proportion is utilized to quantify a company’s profit comparative with the measure of intrigue that it pays. Intrigue spread ratio= *there is zero % intrigue spread proportion since there is no enthusiasm for Apollo food possessions berhad *there is zero % intrigue spread proportion since there is no enthusiasm for Oriental food ventures berhad Gainfulness RATIOS Every single organization will most worry about their benefit. So these gainfulness proportions will support those parts. Net revenue, net overall revenue, return on resources, and profit for value are some gainfulness proportions. The benefit proportions will show how gainful the organization is. These proportions will gauge the general execution for the organization. The productivity proportions can be utilized to perceive how well the firm is working and how well the present execution with past years. Net revenue The gross overall revenue proportion reveals to us the benefit a business makes on its expense of deals, or cost of products sold. It is a basic thought and it discloses to us how much gross benefit per RM1 of turnover our business is gaining. In the event that the organization is fabricating the gross net revenue will tell the assembling and conveyance proficiency during the procedure. The higher gross overall revenue is better for the business. Net benefit margin= *Gross net revenue for Apollo food possessions berhad can't compute since the gross benefit is equivalent to the turnover. *Gross overall revenue for Oriental food enterprises berhad can't ascertain since the gross benefit is equivalent to the turnover. Net revenue Net revenue gauges the amount of every ringgit earned by the organization is converted into benefits. Net overall revenue gives pieces of information to the company’s evaluating strategies, cost structure and creation proficiency. Net revenue is a pointer of how effective an organization is and how well it controls its expenses. Net revenue is generally used to look at company’s results after some time. The higher net revenue implies enormous benefits for the organization. Net overall revenue = Apollo food property berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 87.90% = 169.26% = 101.48% Oriental food enterprises berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 61.89% = 87.12% = 85.03% Profit for resources Where resource turnover tells a speculator the all out deals for each RM1 of benefits, return on resources. Profit for resources gives a thought with respect to how productive administration is at utilizing its advantages for create income. Profit for resources will be high in certain organizations, since they contribute enormous sum for advantages for maintain the business. For example, media transmission, vehicle fabricating, railroad and so on. So it’s better to contrast the arrival on resources proportion and comparative organizations. Profit for resources = Apollo food property berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 4.01% = 7.96% = 15.23% Oriental food enterprises berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 2.49% = 8.34% = 5.26% Profit for value Profit for value is a proportion of gainfulness that computes what number of ringgits of benefit an organization produces with every ringgit of shareholders’ value. Profit for value in any case called total assets. The better yield on value shows that the organization is producing benefits without requiring capitals. It additionally demonstrating that the organization the executives creating investors capitals. Profit for value = Apollo food property berhad 2009 2010 2011 = 4.02% = 8.00% = 1

Discover Education at Illinois Event

Discover Education at Illinois Event Attention all prospective education majors!!! Photo from Giphy.com The College of Education is having an event that is a must-go-to for all interested in education! It is called Discover  Education at Illinois, and will be taking place Monday, October 10th from 11:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.  Students will spend the earlier part of the event at an Orange and Blue day, which is run  by the University. It gives prospective students a more detailed look into life on campus with an admissions presentation, housing information sessions, and academic department sessions. For more information on Orange and Blue Days, or other visiting opportunities, visit the University of Illinois Admissions page. Following the Orange and Blue Day activities, prospective education students are welcomed to the Discover Education at Illinois event. Here, students will have the opportunity to talk to current students, alum, and staff. Plus, free lunch!! After lunch, the attendees will go to a series of discovery sessions. These sessions will specialize in specific majors, including the new Middle Grades Education and Learning and Educational Studies Majors. Additionally, the attendees will have the opportunity to attend EDUC 101, an undergraduate course offered every fall semester. And while this event may seem catered to high school seniors, the education department invites all high schoolers that are considering the University of Illinois. As a current student in the College of Education, I would like to express my personal recommendation that anyone  interested  attend this event. You will be given  insight for how the College of Education strives for success for each and every student. While both informative and valuable, this will also grant a great opportunity to meet the staff and students that will soon become your family; that is the best part about the College of Education at this universityâ€"it is a home away from home.  I can personally say that this university, and specifically the College of Education, has helped me grown tremendously in my short time here thus far, and I am excited for the future as a College of Ed. student. Photo from Babaimage.com To register for the Orange and Blue Day, use  the link below! https://admissions.illinois.edu/Visit/Campus-Visits/programs To register for the College of Education lunch and activities, use  the link below! https://illinois.edu/fb/sec/4865213 Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Cost Behavior In Real Companies Identify The Different Types Of Costs - 550 Words

Cost Behavior In Real Companies Identify The Different Types Of Costs (Essay Sample) Content: Student Name Professor Name Subject Date Cost Behavior in Real Companies Description of the Company The Whole Foods Incorporation is a large grocery retailing company having several outlets worldwide. The company has the largest supermarket chain considering the revenue it generates annually. The company operates by use of subsidiaries placed across the American cities. It currently has about 2778 supermarket chains across the different states. It has its headquarters in downtown Cincinnati. The company has steady market in 34 states, with the distribution stores including the departmental stores, convenience stores, supermarkets and even jewelry stores. Furthermore, Whole Foods Incorporation started out in 1980, by John Mackey and Walter Robb as a small natural foods store in Austin, Texas (Company Profile, 17). The Whole Foods Market Incorporation has been involved in food processing and distribution. In order to reach more customers and increase its supply efficiency, Whole Foods Market Incorporation integrated supermarket chains to aid in this process. The Whole Foods Market In corporation started by acquisition of stores chains like Palo Alto (in California) as it expanded across the different states. Other stores acquired by Whole Foods Market Incorporation include Food for Thought, Allegro Coffee Company, Finer Foods, Wild Oats Market to mention a few (Management Directors, 16). Costs that Would Be Incurred Whole Foods Incorporation incurs several costs in its chain, from the point of acquisition to the retailing section at the stores. These costs can be categorized as those revolving around Human Resources, Sales, Accounting, and Administration costs. In the Human Resource section, the costs incurred include that of labor acquisition and motivation costs for their existing staff (Hugos et al, 67). In the sales section, the costs include those of transport for the goods and staff to the various stores, and the packaging of selected items like sugar. For Accounting section, the costs include the VAT taxes payable to the state, the payment of services offered by the accounting firms handling this section, and also the acquisition of necessary equipment like computers and ETR (Electronic Tax Register) for the department. The administration cost encompasses the amounts given for the maintenance of the operating cycle for the company. These include the cost for acquisition of equipment and s ervice (especially courier services). Classification of Costs: Fixed or Variable The fixed costs, in Whole Foods Market Inc., include Accounting, and Administration costs. These are standard depending on the agreement between the company and the entities offering the given service. The variable costs include Human ...

Analyzing Meg And Marissa s Corporate Climate - 1366 Words

Analyzing Meg and Marissa’s corporate climate, we can infer that Meg is very close to the ideal leader profile - Hockey stick. She has been in the industry for quite long and sessioned her skills to become a great and successful leader. Whereas, Marissa is still learning and her profile explains her corporate actions and press sentiments towards decisions. Meg is more mature and clear on her long-term goals whereas Marissa focuses on short-term goals driven by reward. However, both understand and encourage openness within their organizations. Meg is very achievement-oriented; being forward-looking and seeing the company’s strategic opportunities. She is very competitive and challenging. She always shoots for best results and sets high standards. Her successes and achievements were set as an example for future leaders, women in leadership in particular. She inspired many people with her influential story. Meg’s affiliation level is very high. She built good relationships with her employees and had a great influence on them. She encourages her employees to think and act like leaders by finding the good in the organization not the bad. That pattern recognition is gained through experience and intuition. She stimulated an environment where perfection was time consuming and that good enough with iterations was ok. In her corporate life, Whitman was not very power-oriented, as she cared more about achievements and affiliation, but that did not prevent her from being a remarkableShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmoney From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced

The United States Constitution - 2240 Words

The United States Constitution is filled to the brim with ambiguous language that people continue to debate the meaning of. There is one thing, however, the document makes very clear: the legislature legislates and the executive executes. Claims that President Obama has abused his power by passing DACA and DAPA completely ignore this fact. In reality, the president, as head of the executive branch, absolutely has the power to use prosecutorial discretion in how he or she executes the laws. The president has long had the power of prosecutorial discretion. According to Rudalevige, the Supreme Court held in the 1985 case Heckler v. Chaney, ‘an agency’s decision not to prosecute or enforce, whether through civil or criminal process, is a†¦show more content†¦The court also pointed to other cases where courts have been unwilling to review prosecutorial discretion (Oyez). The judicial branch, therefore, says the executive branch can decide how to enforce and execute t he laws. There is also precedent of the executive using prosecutorial discretion when enforcing immigration policy. One article from the New York Times states, in 1990, President Bush allowed â€Å"1.5 million undocumented spouses and children of immigrants who were in the process of becoming legal permanent residents to stay in the country and obtain work permits† (Davis). According to Davis, DACA and DAPA have only a slightly larger impact than Bush’s decision in 1990—Bush’s decision impacted 40 percent of undocumented immigrants, while Obama’s impacts 45 percent. That being said, this would be a different story if Obama flat out refused to enforce immigration law. However, as Rudalevige points out, Obama did not change or stop enforcing immigration law; he â€Å"set forth who was to be prosecuted first, or rather last† (Rudalevige 45). By doing this, Obama simply decided in which order to prosecute people. This type of discretion is not only constitutional, but also necessary for the executive. When it comes to deporting the millions of illegal immigrants residing in the United States, it would be financially

Organisational performance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2192 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees are considered to be an important source of competitive advantage for firms and it is important that organisations adopt HRM practices to make best use of its employees. This trend leads to increased interest in the impact of HRM on organisational performance and numbers of studies have found a positive relationship between so called High Performance Work Practices (Huselid, 1995). High Commitment Human Resource Management (HCHRM) is a means of stimulating organisational performance by improving employee attitudes, lowering the levels of absenteeism and labour turnover and increasing the levels of productivity, quality and customer service in all types of organisations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisational performance" essay for you Create order HCHRM is considered as the most effective and efficient method of achieving any objective or goal. What constitutes best practice can be determined through a process of benchmarking. An organisation can move toward achieving best practice, either across the whole organisation or in a specific area, through continuous improvement. In production-based organisations, world class manufacturing is a related concept. More generally, a market or sector leader may be described as best-in-class. HRM researchers always focused on demonstrating that more complex HRM system can create more economic growth. These sophisticated HRM systems are called Best Practice or HR Bundles or High performance systems. Thus, Best Practice is a range of HRM practices, used in such combination or bundles, which can achieve synergetic benefits through interactive and mutually reinforcing impact. In recent years, there is been an increase in the interest of High commitment HRM or Best Practice HRM. We can no t underestimate work done by Pfeffer, who contributed a lot in identifying the idea of Best Practice HRM and along with the contribution of many US and UK researchers. Prefered (1998) gave an account of the components of best practice/HCHRM as an employee security and internal labour markets. Different interpretations have been laid down for employment security. For instance, on one hand, Welsh Water contends that partnerships give employment security whereas on the other hand, the European Commission considers that flexibility and security (flexicurity) in organisations. The organisation should enable employees to master new productive needs, skills, maintain their jobs, progress in working life, find new employment, provide adequate unemployment benefits to facilitate transition and encompass people with training opportunities. Pfeffer (1998) suggested some alternates to compulsory lay-offs with regard to employment security as: reducing working hours to distribute the burden o f high employment costs across the workforce; reduce wages to reduce labour costs; freezing recruitment to prevent over staffing and putting production workers into sales to build up the demand. Selective hiring and sophisticated selection Recruiting and training outstanding people and capturing a stock of exceptional human talent (Boxall and Purcell 2008) can be seen as an effective way to achieve sustained competitive advantage. Wood and de Menezes (1998) describe social and team working skills as selection criteria. Wood, Albanese (1995) and Hoque (1999) sought trainability and commitment as appropriate tools. Some of the proxies used for selective hiring include: number of applicants per position (Delaney and Huselid 1996); proportion administered an employment test prior to hiring (Huselid 1995, Guest et al 2003) and sophistication of the selection process, such as use of psychometric tests in the US (Patterson et al 1997), graphology in France, etc. However, it may be impossible to attract skilled applicants in sectors such as health and education due to skills shortage. According to a case study of Ritz Carlton, the company did not hire its employees, it selected them. The selection process was laid out very clearly, and Ritz Carlton used what could be called benchmarking in selecting ideal employees. The company studied top performers at different positions in its hotel chain and in other comparable organisations to prepare the ideal profile for each position. Based on the profile, the job description and detailed qualification requirements were prepared. This not only ensured that the companies got the people with the best qualifications but was able to match personality traits with jobs to obtain the best fit. This was thought to be one of the reasons for Ritz Carltons low attrition rate (Regani 2007). Extensive training, learning and development Boxall (1996) views this as one element in organisational process advantage, the idea that employers aim to synergise the contribution of talented and exceptional employees. West et al (2002) use multiple measures to access training in the study of NHS hospitals, each related to amount of money spent, whereas Guest et al (2003) focused instead on the amount of training received by workers. However, most of the employees were overqualified for the jobs (Grugulis 2003) and it ignored the quality. Questions have been asked about whether or not longer term budget safeguards are established so as to protect training provision or whether training is tied in to increased promotability within the organisation (Delary and Doty 1996). As per Ritz Carlton, all new recruits had to undergo a 2 day orientation programme before they were assigned to their jobs. Each Ritz Carlton hotel had a full time director of training and organisational effectiveness who was responsible for managing all the training activities at the hotel (other hotel chains typically had one vice president of training for 15-20 hotels). The fact that the initial orientation was conducted by the members of the top management was meant to indicate to the employees the importance that Ritz Carlton attached to the activity. Although, some people felt that it was not necessary for the general manager to spend so much time orienting their junior employees, Ritz Carlton believed that it was time well spent as it allowed the new recruits to be introduced to the companys culture by a reliable person. After the initial orientation, each new recruit was assigned to a departmental trainer, who was usually an experienced employee from the recruits own department, for 3 weeks of on the job training. The trainers were expected to help the recruits familiarise themselves with the job duties to observe how the job was carried out (Regani 2007). According to a case study of Starbucks, when a partner was hired to w ork in one of Starbucks North American retail stores, he or she had to undergo two types of training. The first type focussed on hard skills such as learning how to use the cash register and learning how to mix drinks. Most Starbucks beverages were hand-crafted, and to ensure product quality, there was a pre-specified process associated with each drink. Making an espresso beverage, for example required 7 specific steps. The other type of training focussed on soft skills. Allying contends, In our training manual, we explicitly teach partners to connect with customers to enthusiastically welcome them to the stores, to establish eye contact, to smile, and to try to remember their names and orders if they are regulars. We also encourage partners to create conversations with customers using question which require more than a yes or no answer. (Lovelock and Wirtz 2007; p. 502.) Employee involvement and participation (EIP): worker voice There are a number of reasons why EIP is an essential component of the high commitment paradigm (Marchington and Wilkinson 2005). Firstly, it promotes open communication with regard to financial matters, strategy and operational matters. Secondly, it equips the workers with sufficient information to offer suggestions to improve organisational performance. Thirdly, it ensures the legitimacy for actions by inculcating worker participation. Finally, it is important to have EIP to voice grievances, both to give workers an opportunity to express their opinion and also as this may allow discontent to be channelled through formal procedures (Marchington 2007). As per Ritz Carlton, employees were required to take personal responsibilities for cleanliness throughout the hotel. In addition, they were encouraged to play an active role in designing their jobs and participating in decision making in their departments. We believed that to create pride and joy in the workplace, you must involv e the employees. And to create that pride and joy by making employees feel like they are a part of Ritz Carlton. We are here to provide service, but we are not servants. We are professionals in our field. Everything happens because the employees are so committed, said Theo Gilbert-Jamison, Vice president of leadership development at the Ritz Carlton (Regani 2007). Such empowerment meant that employees were motivated to take personal responsibility for all that was happening at the hotel. Any complaint from any guest had to be dealt with immediately, regardless of the position or department that an employee belonged to. According to Starbucks case study, all Starbucks employees were called as partners. Allying remarked, From day one, Howard has made clear his belief that partner satisfaction leads to customer satisfaction. This belief is part of Howards (Chairman) DNA, and because it has been pounded into each and every one of us, it has become part of our DNA too.(Lovelock and Wi rtz 2007 p. 503-504) There are numerous measures to assess team working namely: proportion of workers in teams (MacDuffie 1995, West et al 2002); use of formal teams (Patterson et al 1997) or the deliberate design of jobs to make use of workers abilities (Hoque 1999). But, these measures do not indicate if the teams are self managed or act as autonomous groups. (Frobel and Marchington 2005). e.g. many US companies allow their teams and group members to participate in decision making and working with other teams. Like Lawson Mardon Packaging, what they have tried, is to have teams themselves define the team competencies, job requirements, decision making and how team members would be measured. High compensation contingent on performance helps organisations to attract and retain high quality labour. There are two main elements to this practice which were outlined by Pfeffer higher-than-average compensation and performance-related reward. The UK study focuses on merit and perfor mance-related structure. According to the WERS survey, forms of performance-related scheme operated in 40 % of workplace in 2004 and it is been applied to both management and non-managerial stuff. Huselid (1995) includes two measures for its evaluation: the proportion of workers with access to company incentive schemes and the proportion of employees whose performance appraisals are used to determine their compensation. Implementing individual HR practice is nothing more than a short-term practice and it can easily be dismissed. And it is argued that there is a contradiction between HR practices while forming bundles and the reason is the difference between firms, sectors and different countries. It is been hard to find out the perfect bundle which can be table and implemented in organisations without any difficulty. Researchers assumed that synergies are achievable with the implementation of all practices and if, there is one factor missing it can affect and destroy the whole sy stem. And this approach is called as multiplicative or synergistic. For instance, employment security is conditional on agreement that pay rates can be reduced. Many authors argued that there are issues concerning employment security. Pfeffer (1998:183) tends to view compulsory lay-offs and downsizing as undermining employment security. Security is offered if it is convenient to employer. It is been argued that self-managed teams are difficult to implement in practice because there is lack of interest to take advantage of the opportunities for greater involvement. According to Pfeffer, (1998a, p. 74) Organizing people into self-managed teams is a critical component of virtually all high performance management systems. Self-managed teams substitute peer-based control for hierarchical control of work. This facilitates the removal of layers of the hierarchy and permits employees to pool their ideas in order to produce better or more creative solutions to work problems. Similarly, if we talk about team working, it is complex to determine whether the teams would be able to manage themselves and it relies upon decisions concerning responsibility for organizing work schedules and control over quality. Arguments are made regarding training and development. It is crucial to know what type of training should be given and who will take benefits from it. Regarding high compensation contingent on performance it is been found that many researchers have criticized performance-related pay system in the US. In the UK, they are much more critical about the value of incentive pay and which is better to include the whole reward package. Employees involvement and participation is also one of the main targets of criticism for management has more power than workers and due to which there is a big gap between employees and the management within one organisation. Many authors have suggested proxies for different practices and it is been proved that these HR practices and i ts proxies can not work in any organisation according to its different organisational context, environment and cultural differences. The study of best practice HRM brings about few methodological issues which are associated to the components of HRM. It is been found that there were difficulties in adopting appropriate measures of performance due to the reason of variants in organisations, like some firms implement incentive schemes and some use performance appraisals to determine the turnover, satisfaction, profits, etc. The main problem is that there are various components and it is hard to choose the right one, apart from that, proxies are used to measure those components. There are different ways of collecting data and using self-report is one of the main issues. Besides that, most of research done by the WERS and CIPD which is limited only around the US and the UK.

The Effect Of Personality Tests On Employment Selection

Article Summary Scroggins, Thomas, and Morris (2009) is a meta-analysis of the validity and practicality of using personality tests in employment selection. According to Scroggins, Thomas, and Morris (2009), personality tests using the Big Five can predict job performance; identify specific traits associated with a particular profession; job and training proficiency; performance motivation; career success; and organizational commitment. Additionally, personality tests combined with cognitive ability test reduce adverse impact; thereby, enhancing the validity of employment selection process (Scroggins, Thomas, Morris, 2009). Specifically, the variety of items within the NEO PI scales allows organization to match job candidates with a particular job based on personality traits, for example, a salesman (Scroggins, Thomas, Morris, 2009). Wille, De Fruyt, and De Clercq (2013) used the NEO PI-R to identify aberrant personality, such as antisocial, narcissistic, borderline personalit y disorder, schizotypal (social isolation), avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors that affect career outcomes. The study followed 247 Flemish students from 1994- 2009 using the Dutch authorized version of the NEO PI-R. The study found that borderline, schizotypal, and avoidant behaviors negatively impact extrinsic and intrinsic career goals; obsessive-compulsive traits were unrelated to career outcomes, and antisocial and narcissistic traits lead to higher financial attainment andShow MoreRelatedPersonality Theories And Internet Testing1061 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality Theories Why has personality theories and internet testing created so much interest in the hiring process? Can you judge a person s ability to perform the work just by giving them a personality assessment? Not always, but in the process of hiring many organizations can rely on personality theories and testing, which helps the process of pre-selection. Personality theories help measure, cognitive ability, knowledge, and personality of potential candidates. Employers today use pre–assessmentRead MoreThe Importance and Impact of Following Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures652 Words   |  3 PagesUniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures: The criteria that employers in the U.S has all along been using in employment has been a very efficient one in terms of determining which applicants or employees are fit or have met the necessary credentials for a particular profession. The selection that employers have been using includes cognitive tests- what experience does the applicant has, personality tests, medical tests, appraisal checks, and any scandalous background. On the otherRead MoreReliability and Validity in Personality Testing Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesReliability and Validity in Personality Testing 02-16-2015 Introduction Psychological tests are often used in the selection of projective personnel (Anastasia Urbina, 1997). The idea is that by using the scientific approach to personality and emotional intelligence testing in hiring, the employers will be able to increase the number of successful employees (Beaz lll, 2013). â€Å"Personality refers to an individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits†, whichRead MoreWhat Makes Us Unique And Helps Us Develop All Of Our Preferences?1741 Words   |  7 Pagesand an ultimate goal that they will yield as well. 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Applicants are free to complete the test at their own convenience anywhere they have internet access. UIT most commonly involves the use of biodata, situational judgment items, and/or personality items to screen out applicants who are unlikely to be hired (Gibby, Ispas, McCloy, BigaRead MoreHuman Resource Management Summary Paper1632 Words   |  7 PagesAnother function of human resource management is effective employee selection. This is an in-depth process that must be treated with attention to detail and care. In order to be successful in the selection of employees, the organization must have a thorough understanding of what characteristics are essential for the position to perfo rm at a high level. This is where job analysis and design play a key role in the employee selection process. Once the job description is defined, the organization canRead MoreA Summary of Modern Practices in Employee Recruitment and Selection Methods1451 Words   |  6 Pagesrecruitment and selection methods Business revolves around people. It’s the people in the business that run it so therefore it’s always important to have the best employee to do it. That is why selection is such an important aspect of any organisation, small time or bigger. It is fundamental to the performance of any business or establishment that the personnel that it employs are competent to fill the role, and enhance the companies overall performance. Because of the importance of selection, many different

Chimerism in Humans Free Essays

Chimera according to the genome glossary is an organism which possesses cells or tissues with a different genotype. This can be caused due to mutated cells of the host organism or cells from a different organism or species. According to Greek mythology, the original â€Å"Chimera† (pronounced as kih-MEE-ra, and the adjective form â€Å"chimerical† pronounced as kih-MER-ih-cal) was a fire-breathing female monster with the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the hindquarters of a dragon. We will write a custom essay sample on Chimerism in Humans or any similar topic only for you Order Now The terrifying Chimera may have merely been a product of a substandard family environment — her father was the giant Typhon, her mother the half-serpent Echidna. Her siblings were the Cerebrus (the three-headed hound who eventually found work guarding the gates of Hell), Hydra (a nine-headed aquatic monster) and Orthrus (the runt of the litter, a prosaic two-headed dog). As per the mythology, Chimera pounced around making everyone wretched until one day a man named Bellerophon, riding on the winged horse Pegasus slays her. [Author unknown, Chimera, 2004] Though believed to be a mythological epic, it was found that cases of Chimera were actually prevalent in humans when certain intriguing criminal cases erupted. One such case was when a woman has been raped by a man and the women claimed a particular person to be the culprit. However, the crime justice authorities had found it difficult to convict the suspect. It so happened that the DNA taken from his blood sample did not match the DNA of the suspect. However, extensive investigation and the victim’s statements revealed it to be same person being responsible for the crime. When another series of DNA tests were taken from the suspect, this time from his hair sample it was found that the DNA sample perfectly matched. This revealed a breathtaking phenomenon among human genome which has resulted in various problems in the criminal justice system. Those people who have two types of DNA in their body are called chimeras after the mythological creature with a head of lion, body of a goat and a tail of a serpent. These people are sometimes also referred to as mosaics. It has found that these people have two different types of DNA in various parts of their body. Though a rare occurrence, this could have been due to various reasons. [Vladar, 2004] One of the common reasons is that chimeras are formed if developing fraternal twin embryos join together to become one embryo. This is something which is completely opposite of identical twins who are formed when a single embryo splits into two. This occurrence takes place in the very early stages of the embryo development i.e. when it is still in the form of unspecialized cells, so when it develops the baby that is born is healthy but with two types of DNAs. It is also found that fraternal twins don’t have same set of DNA, however, they the two fraternal twin embryos fuse together it results in chimera. Another reason for chimeras to form is when developing fraternal twin share the same blood supply. This usually happens when the twins with different DNA share a placenta in the mother’s womb and cells from their blood mix together. This results in the twins being chimeras based on only their blood as other cells are not affected by the blood supply. Chimeras are also formed through some mistakes or mutations taking place in the division of the cells in the development embryo. This mainly takes place when the cells split into two so that they are able to be formed into more of themselves for the growth of the embryo. It also results in the the doubling up of the DNA by the cells which gets divided between the two new halves. During this process, if something goes wrong, then some new cells result in having different DNA. If this happens in the early stages of the development, then the tissues which are developed from the cells will have different genotype. It is difficult to gauge the exact number of chimeras in the world. We are able to find out whether a person is a chimera or not only when his / her DNA is analysed. This causes varied problems with regards to solving of crime cases and also results in complication with regards to donation of organs. In recent years, exciting results have been found out that a section of genetically incompatible cells may contribute to conditions like infertility, autism and Alzheimer’s disease. [Migliore, L et al, 1999] Human chimeraism came into being with advent of blood typing and it was found that some people had more than two types of blood group. Most of the cases of chimeraism are the blood chimeraism i.e. non-identical twins sharing a blood supply in the womb. Twin embryos often share a blood supply in the placenta, allowing blood stem cells to pass from one embryo and settle in the bone marrow of the other, seeding a lasting source of blood. As a result, almost 8% of non-identical twin pairs have chimeric blood. [van Dijk, B A; Boomsma, D I and de Man, A J M, 1996] Apart from those who have chimera due to different blood types, there are even larger numbers of people who have this phenomenon due to carrying smaller numbers of different blood cells that may have passed through the mother and the fetus across the placenta or persist from a blood transfusion. It has also been analysed that the presence of some foreign white blood cells might be the cause for autoimmune diseases wherein the immune system affects the body’s own tissues. [Nelson, J L, 2002] True chimeras are usually identified when they possess male and female cells resulting in the formation of hermaphrodites or any related problem in the person’s sexual organs and their chromosomal sex is identified by their blood test. So the real number of chimeras and mosaics are much more than those that have been identified till date. Unless and until a chimera comes forward to get his blood sampled or has been convicted for a crime, it wouldn’t be possible to know whether he actually is a chimera. This has resulted in further complication in solving some crime justice cases. It has been also analyzed that with the increase in in-vitro fertilization (IVF), there has an increase in the cases of chimeras. To avoid infertility among women, IVF has been quite common in the present day scenario. In this process, two or more embryos are placed in a woman’s uterus so there is an increased success rate. This results in 25% more cases of twin pregnancies than expected. With the increased number of twins, there is likelihood of more cases of chimeras. This was proved by Bonthron who found out that the British hermaphrodite boy who was a chimera was formed by IVF. Strain, L; Dean, J C S; Hamilton, M P R and Bonthron, D T – 1998] According to various tests undertaken along with ultrasound examinations performed on the mother who was carrying the single fetus, the baby that was born had a normal right testis and a semi-developed left testis. An operation was conducted when the child was 15 months old and the surgeons removed â€Å"an abnormal gonad and vas deferens.† Pathology studies later exposed that these were actually an ovary with a fallopian tube attached. Studies revealed that the child’s chromosomes had both female (XX) and male (XY) cell lines. This was explained to be that the child was an exceptional case of a true chimera which was a mixture of two embryos from separately fertilized eggs. The other likelihood was that two different sperm had unusually developed into a single mature egg before cell division had taken place. To distinguish between these possibilities, the researchers analyzed DNA near the centromeres of the child’s chromosomes, which are involved in cell division. [Author unknown, DNA puzzle of mother ‘made of two women’, 2004] Apart from this, the study conducted also revealed that chimerism can occur naturally, resulting in children with vague genitalia, however published data on the phenomenon is very restricted and many XX/XY children may go unnoticed. Even so, the fact that chimerism occurred in a child born following in vitro fertilization should be taken seriously. [Author unknown, 2004 In Vitro Fertilization Results In Chimera, 2004] Considering these above points, it is becoming more and more difficult for the crime justice system to analyze the crime due to the increase in the cases of chimeraism and mosaicism which in turn is increasing with the increase in in-vitro fertilization. The criminals are able to move about freely as their blood samples usually differ from their other DNA samples taken from different parts of the body. It is also becoming difficult for the crime justice system as well as the medical system to analyze the exact number of chimeras as it is very difficult with the increase in mutations. How to cite Chimerism in Humans, Essay examples

Information Technologies In Organizational-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Information Technologies In Organizational? Answer: Introduction In recent times, Information Technology has emerged as a critical organizational function. Today, IT is not only a support function that enables the organizations. The large and small-scale organizations have started to use Information Technology as a core business function. There are various cases of successful and failed examples of IT implementation. The large organizations have realized that the complete benefits of Information Technology could be achieved with the large scale IT systems like ERP. This is the reason that the adaptation of ERP has particularly increased in last decade. It is expected that the use of ERP system would increase exponentially (Alrashid Alshawi, 2012). At the same time, it is important that organizations should be careful while implementing the ERP systems. One of the objectives of IT systems or ERP systems is quality management and continuous quality improvement. Also, if the customers lay stresses on adopting the quality policy of their organisation , then management has to accommodate that request also but project must ensure that customer quality policy can be adopted in a given time and cost otherwise project manger could request for a change request document to revise the cost of the contract (Dezdar Ainin, 2011). There are various cases of successful and failed implementation of IT projects. The objective of this paper is to discuss one such case. The paper would discuss the case study of McDonald. A brief background of the case can be highlighted as: Case Background McDonald is a known organization in different parts of the world. The company operates in a franchise model and it has large number of branches in Australia and other parts of the world. The management of McDonald realized that Information Technology is a powerful asset that can help the organization to bring efficiency and effectiveness in the system. This is the reason that McDonald started to IT project of establishing ERP system across its stores. The direct benefit of this approach was the fact that all of the stores would be connected and different stakeholders would be able to share the information on real time basis. Typically, there are two approaches of ERP implementation. The first approach of the big bang implementation and the second approach is the phased implementation approach. McDonald started the project with Big Bang approach as the company wanted to implement ERP across its stores in one go (Ravasan Rouhani, 2014). However, this was a failed project for the compa ny as it was not able to implement ERP across all its stores. This paper would discuss the key reasons for the failure and the paper would also discuss the key recommendations that should be used by organizations to avoid these kinds of mistakes in future. Analysis Drivers of implementation It is interesting to study and analyze the key reasons of failure for McDonald. However, before that, it would be interesting to analyze the key drivers of ERP implementation. The analysis of key drivers of ERP implementation would help to understand the reasons of failure in better way. The key drivers of ERP implementation for McDonald can be discussed as: Key drivers of ERP implementation There were four ley reasons or drivers of ERP implementation of McDonald. These drivers can be discussed as: 2.1.1 Real time information sharing The company wanted to have a system in place where different stakeholders can interact on real time basis. Efficiency improvement: The management of McDonald realized that there is scope of efficiency improvement in the coming system and it can be done with the implementation of ERP system. 2.1.2 Quality improvement: In this era of competition, it becomes important for all the organization to deliver quality ERP projects to their customers due to increased competition. For instance, quality control will increase the customer satisfaction and building reputation and thus increases the changes of company getting more business from the clients (HassabElnaby Hwang, 2012). Also, quality management is also about preparing for quality, planning for quality and implementing quality control. Also, there are numerous considerations while providing quality. 2.1.3 Reducing operational cost in long term It is correct that the implementation of ERP is costly affair in short term. However the management of McDonald realized that it would be able to save the operational cost in long term. Reasons of failure: It is a common saying that technology should work for human and not the other way round. In similar way a companys Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is like its central nervous system of the body. If it is healthy, it provides the sensory input to management so they can understand what is happening with customers, suppliers, and employees.There were various reasons for the failure of this IT project. The key reasons can be discussed under following heads: Lack of clear destination It can be said that the success of ERP project would be successful only when the end state or vision is clear. In the case of McDonald, the company started with the Big-Bang implementation. However, the company did not have a vision in mind. Clear reasons of doing it in the first phase Ravasan Rouhani (2014) argued that the stakeholders are often confused if they want to implement the ERP in the first place. The decision to implementation the ERP across McDonald was the result of an analysis happened across the organization. However, there were certain apprehensions within the leadership team. The management realized that ERP implementation is the thing for the future. However, leaders and managers were not very sure about the success of the project. Often large ERP implementation projects fail before they even start. Companies unhappy with their current system become convinced their reporting, integration, or efficiency problems lie in the software they are using. Part time project management One of the mistakes for McDonald was that it considered ERP implementation like any other IT project implementation. It can be said that the implementation of ERP is a transformational project for organizations that bring fundamental changes in the existing business processes. However, McDonald was not able to analyze this. The company considered it as a normal IT project management and the required focus was not given with respect to project management (Ahmad Cuenca, 2013). Under estimation of resource requirement Oghazi (2014) argued that the implementation of ERP project requires a large number of resources. In fact, it is never easy to anticipate the resource requirements for ERP implementation. McDonald was not able to do the correct resource planning and as a result the project failed. For the successful implementation of ERP projects, the companies should take help from external consultants also. McDonald also took help from external consultants. However, it appears that the support of external consultants were not adequate (Parr Shanks, 2013). Over customization One of the reasons for ERP failure is the customization that the organizations would want to have. In fact, customizations, along with interfaces and data conversion, are the main areas of technical risk in ERP implementations (Turban Sharda, 2011).McDonald wanted a customized ERP for its stores. However, the organization was not able to get the desired customization in place. Lack of training requirements The implementation of ERP across any organization required proper training to different internal and external stakeholders. However, McDonald was not able to provide a training platform to its stakeholders. Moreover, the organization arranged for the training sessions after the implementation phase was over (Wixom Ariyachandra, 2014). The true benefits of ERP implementation is realized when the management conducts the training sessions along the ERP implementation phase. Lack of quality expectation with ERP project McDonald was keen to implement the ERP project. However, the company did not establish the quality objectives with the project. Quality is providing the right product to the customer aligned to their requirements and also fit for their use (Corona-Suarez AbouRizk, 2014). During such times, no organization can afford to miss the quality in delivering their projects as clients have very high bargaining power due to increased competition. While in earlier days, Quality was all about inspecting the results and recommending rework if the expectations were not met, today the concept of quality management also has transformed with the evolution of numerous tools for controlling and ensuring the quality. Today, the focus is on preventing the issues before hand and thus building the quality in the project or the product. Ineffective change management Authors argued that most of the ERP projects fail due to ineffective change management. The implementation of ERP is a big change for any organization that brings a massive amount of change. It is important that the organizations should be willing to handle the change. McDonald faced certain resistance from its employees, as it was not able to manage the change. Lack of user training The implementation of any large IT project requires investment in user training. It is important that the employees should be educated and trained about the new system and processes. The provision of training and development activities is an investment from the side of company. However, McDonald was not able to invest a lot on training and development of people. Therefore, its employees were not clear about the ways to use ERP system. Wrong approach selection: Big Bang vs. Phased approach McDonald decided to go ahead with the ERP implementation with a big bang approach. Under this approach the implementation happens at a same time. The benefit of this approach is the timesaving. However, in this approach there is no fall back option. There was no way for McDonald to learn from its mistakes. Key Recommendations to avoid failure in future It can be said that the organizations have a lot to learn from the case study of McDonald. In addition to the ten reasons listed above, the organizations must also focus to manage the threats from malware and ransomware. In recent times, there has been an increase in the number of malware attacks that happens in the world on ERP systems (Isik Jones, 2013). It is important that different stakeholders must join hands so that the ransom ware attacks can be managed. It can be said that one of the major threat to the large IT systems is the threat from malware. The large IT systems like ERP systems should be protected from any external attack. This paper would discuss the background of ransomware and the strategies that should be used to manage the attack of ransomware. It would be correct to say that the proactive ways of protection is better than the reactive way of protection in case of ransomware. Another key recommendation for organizations is to have basic checklist in place for ERP implementation. Checklists are another important to approach to ensure that team members must follow the basic things as part of their task. For example, there can be checklist for developers about the guidelines they have to follow while check in their code. Checklist can have components like if all the comments and documentation correct, if code is easy to understand by another person and so on. Checklist should be customized for various roles like testing team, development team and also for various phases like requirement gathering and also on regular basis what are the checks that team has to ensure like switching off their monitor while leaving for the day, switching off lights etc. It is also recommended that management should use a strong change management model. The implementation of ERP system is a radical and drastic change for any organization. Under any circumstances, the management should not take this change lightly. Therefore, it is important that management should have a strong change management strategy in place. The first thing for organizations would be picks the change agents that would be responsible to bring the change in the organization (Chang, 2014). Conclusion If ERP systems are the nervous system of a company, then doing an ERP implementation is like brain surgery: only to be attempted if there is a really good reason and not to soon be repeated. The above paper discusses the failed project of ERP implementation for McDonald. With the above discussion it can be said that ERP projects should be implemented with high quality standards. At the same time, the organization should also focus on effective change management within the organization. In addition to the implementation, organizations have to ensure that the business can get the real value from ERP implementation. It can happen when Information Technology is not considered as the support function in the organization. It can also be said that the early focus on Information Technology and ERP would also help the organizations to overcome the problems and challenges that could occur in the implementation of ERP and IT project management. References Ahmad, M. M., Cuenca, R. P. (2013). Critical success factors for ERP implementation in SMEs.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,29(3), 104-111. Alrashid, W., Alshawi, M., Al-Mashari, M. (2012). Exploring enterprise resource planning (erp) implementation from stake-holder perspective. In5th International Conference on Communications, Computers and Applications (MIC-CCA 2012)(Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 125-124). Mosharaka for Research and Studies. Chang, V. (2014). The business intelligence as a service in the cloud.Future Generation Computer Systems,37, 512-534. Corona-Suarez, G. A., AbouRizk, S. M., Karapetrovic, S. (2014). Simulation-Based Fuzzy Logic Approach to Assessing the Effect of Project Quality Management on Construction Performance.Journal of Quality and Reliability Engineering,2014. Dezdar, S., Ainin, S. (2011). The influence of organizational factors on successful ERP implementation.Management Decision,49(6), 911-926. HassabElnaby, H. R., Hwang, W., Vonderembse, M. A. (2012). The impact of ERP implementation on organizational capabilities and firm performance.Benchmarking: An International Journal,19(4/5), 618-633. Isik, O., Jones, M. C., Sidorova, A. (2013). Business intelligence success: The roles of BI capabilities and decision environments.Information Management,50(1), 13-23. Oghazi, P., 2014. Antecedents of ERP in service firms.Journal of Promotion Management,20(2), pp.148-163. Parr, A. N., Shanks, G., Darke, P. (2013). 8 IDENTIFICATION OF NECESSARY FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ERP SYSTEMS.New Information Technologies in Organizational Processes: Field Studies and Theoretical Reflections on the Future of Work,20, 99. Ravasan, A.Z. and Rouhani, S., 2014. An Expert System for Predicting ERP Post-Implementation Benefits Using Artificial Neural Network.International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),10(3), pp.24-45. Turban, E., Sharda, R., Delen, D. (2011).Decision support and business intelligence systems. Pearson Education India. Wixom, B., Ariyachandra, T., Douglas, D. E., Goul, M., Gupta, B., Iyer, L. S., ... Turetken, O. (2014). The current state of business intelligence in academia: The arrival of big data.CAIS,34, 1.

Fundamentals of Marketing Management

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of Marketing Management. Answer: Introduction: The learning outcomes have helped me to obtain a clear conception about the marketing and its different components. Lecture notes from 1to12 have provided information on the influential factors like segmentation-target and positioning of the products, marketing mix for a brand or its products, buyer behaviors etc. I have understood the importance of the different variables of the marketing mix such as the product value, price of the products, appropriate placing of the products and promotion of the products to achieve a successful marketing strategy for an organization and the products. I am now aware of the factors of the STP model that is one of the major attribute required for the marketing. To get the positive response from the market segmentation of the product is necessary. If the organization divides their product according to the different class of people the product will be more approachable for the large extent of the consumers. Not only this, lecture notes have helped me t o understand that if the organization takes strategic planning and target the appropriate consumers, it will be beneficial for the market value of the organization. Another important perspective of the STP model is the positioning of the products. The lectures have enlightened this fact that if an organization positions its products in apposite location it will draw more attraction from the audience. Foe an instance, I can say, an organization will get more responses if their product store is located in a place that is easily accessible and crowded rather a store located in a remote area. Conclusion: The lecture notes have improved my knowledge on the marketing strategy that can in turn help me in my professional career. It is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding on the marketing to make the most of the available resources. The most preferred part of the lecture notes is the branding of the products. Branding is an unavoidable element of the marketing strategy. I found branding interesting because it involves different approaches and strategies to obtain effective marketing. Branding of a particular product or an organization can be done by using social media, print media, electronic media etc. As per my understanding, branding of a product should be made in such a way that the theme of the branding can relate with the cultural, social and emotional aspect of the consumers. Branding of a product requires presenting all the positive aspects of the product to the clients. Moreover, branding helps to make decisions easily and reduce the risk factors for the clients. I hav e also understood that the branding also provide wider place for the competitive advantages. My lecturer has said that branding of a product should incorporate different human traits so that people can connect with the objective of the branding or the theme of the branding on an intense personal level. I have assimilated the extraction of the learning outcomes and will definitely apply these understandings on practical requirements.

Management 101 Essay Example

Management 101 Essay This subject is concerned with principles of managing business organisations. Management is important to organisations? business and survival.The dynamic nature of today? s organisations means that managers require certain knowledge, skills and competencies to manage organisations effectively. The aim of this subject is to provide students with an introduction and overview of management within organisations. The subject will examine management principles, concepts and theories of management, and give students an appreciation and understanding of various challenges facing managers in organisations in today? competitive global environment. OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this subject, students should be able to: ? ? ? ? understand and critically discuss the evolution of management thoughts; critically evaluate and apply management theories, models and concepts of management; be familiar with the structure, behaviour and environment of organizations, and be aware of the importance of mana gement towards attaining organisational goals in today? s competitive world.TOPICS Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6 Topic 7 Introduction to Organisations and Management Evolution of Management Planning and Strategic Management Decision Making Organisation Structure and Design Managing Work Teams Managing Human Resource 2 Topic 8 Topic 9 Topic 10 Topic 11 Topic 12 Topic 13 Leadership, Motivation and Communication Organizational Control and Information Technology Management Managing Change Innovation Managing Conflict Organisational Environment and Culture International Management Managerial Ethics and Social ResponsibilityPRESCRIBED TEXT Daft R. L. , (2012) New Era of Management, International Edition, 10th edition SouthWestern Cengage Learning USA. RECOMMENDED REFERENCES Robbins, S. P. DeCenzo D. A. (2005) Fundamentals of Management, Essential Concepts and Applications, International edn, Fifth edn, Pearson Prentice Hall, USA. Jones G. R. George J. M. , (2007) Ess entials of Contemporary Management, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, USA. . 3 Subject Outline / Teaching Plan Department Lecturer Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 : Business Studies : Mr.Vincent Oh Topics Managing in Turbulent Times The Evolution of Management Thinking Planning and Goal Setting Strategy Formulation and Implementation Corporate Culture and the Environment Ethics and Social Responsibility Managing in Global Environment Quiz 1 (15/7 – 19/7) Human Resource Management MID-TERM TEST/ BREAK ( 29/7 2/8/2013) BREAK Leadership Motivation Individual Assignment (23/8/2013) Communication Quality and Performance Teamwork Quiz 2 (2/9 – 6/9) Group Presentation Decision Making Designing Adaptive Organizations Group Presentation FINAL EXAMINATION 16/9 – 28/9/2013 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapters 17 and 19 Subject Code : D2MGT100 Subject Title : Organizations and Management References Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapters 7 and 8 Chapter 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Chapter 12 13 Chap ter 18 14 15 16 Chapters 9 and 10 Prescibed Text: Daft R. L. , (2012) New Era of Management, International Edition 10th edition South-Western Cengage Learning USA. 4 ASSESSMENTS There are 6 assessment items for this subject. Assessment Items 1. Mid Term Test (Closed Book) 2. Quiz 1 (Open Book) 3. Quiz 2 (Open Book) 4.Individual Assignment 5. Participation (Group Presentations) 6. Final exam (Closed Book) Value 20% 5% 5% 10% 10% 50% Due Date 29/7 2/8/2013 15/7 – 19/7/2013 2/9 – 6/9/2013 23/8/2013 Weeks 13 14. 16/9 – 28/9/2013 (TBC) REQUIREMENTS To gain a pass in this subject, students must: ? ? Achieve a passing grade in the final examination i. e. score a minimum of 25 marks out of 50, if there is an examination for this subject Attempt ALL areas of assessment; and achieve a total result of 50% or better overall. ** Please check on the notice board and My Acel for the actual date. HELP University reserves the right to make any changes to the above where appro priate. 5ASSESSMENT DETAILS D2MGT100: ORGANISATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SEMESTER 2 2013 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT (10% of total assessment) CASE STUDY: WALMART PART TWO: THE ENVIRONMENT OF MANAGEMENT – Yao Ming, Jackie Chan, and Walmart: China Embraces Big Stars and Big Box Retailing. When you? re an American retailer with thousands of stores liberally throughout the best shopping areas of the United States, at some point the question arises: â€Å"what next? † Top brass at Walmart were asking this question in the late 1980s, when stores were booming in the Southeast and spreading to all 50 states. Their answer? â€Å"Go global. † Walmart? s first step toward international retailing occurred in 1991 with the opening of a Sam? s Club near Mexico City.Today Walmart International is the company? s fastest growing business unit, accounting for 25 percent of total revenues. After official launch in 1993, the overseas operation expanded into 15 countries including Brazil, Can ada, the United Kingdom, and Japan. But the greatest buzz has centered on China, an emerging market of 1. 3 billion people. Walmart? s adventure in the land of dragons and emperors began in 1996 when rollout teams built a supercenter in Shenzhen, a city just north of Hong Kong. Walmart? s China entry was made possible by economic reforms introduced in the late 1980s under Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. In a break from its isolationist past, China? communist-led government began making modest concessions to capitalism and Western businesses. The move sparked two decades of rapid economic growth, and Chinese consumers now buy everything from flat screen TVs and cars to designer apparel – they even purchase lattes at Starbucks and chicken at KFC. China? s modernization has become symbolized by pro-basketball star Yao Ming, Supergirl singing phenom Li Yuchun, Olympic world champion Liu Xiang, and Karate Kid martial-arts actor Jackie Chan – Sino celebrities who have achieved Western-style fame and lucrative sponsorships with American businesses. As Walmart? s spread throughout the People? Republic indicates, big box retailing is a hit with Chinese consumers. In 2004, Walmart operated 39 stores in China. In 2010, the number reached 290 total units, including 104 Trust Mart Hypermarkets, 178 supercentres, and 4 Sam? s Clubs. The early success has caused analysts to speculate that Walmart China will eventually have more stores than the domestic American market. Walmart China? s supercenters have much in common with their U. S. counterparts. The expansive stores are stocked with mountains of low-price merchandise, proving that Sam Walton? s â€Å"stack? em high, watch? em fly† philosophy has transcended cultural boundaries. But differences exist as well. First, 75 percent of Walmart? s nternational stores operate under different banner, reflecting the web of acquisitions and joint ventures Walmart uses to enter foreign markets. Next, the selection o f merchandise offered in China supercenters is oriented to the unique tastes of Walmart? s 7 million weekly Chinese shoppers. Grocery sections are stocked with live frogs, turtles, and fish – fresh apples of Chinese diets – and familiar American products are curiously altered, 6 as with Tide detergent, which is sold as a handwash laundry product due to the scarcity of washing machines in China. Douglas McMillion, Walmart International? s president and CEO, says that despite visible variations among stores, the company? s goal is the same in every area of the world. The primary objective is to save people money so they can live a little better,† said the head of Walmart? s fast-growing segment. â€Å"Our goal in every market where we operate is not only to deliver products at a great value, but also to ensure that all of the products we sell are made in an ethical and sustainable way. † But running a multinational operation in â€Å"an ethical and sustaina ble way† is easier said than done. In 2010, Google exited China over the country? s strict censorship policy and poor record on human rights. Years earlier, The Gap caused a firestorm of criticism by unintentionally sourcing products made by child laborers in India. Intent on learning from others? istakes, managers at Walmart have developed an Ethical Standards Program to audit suppliers and ensure the ethical procurement of goods. â€Å"In our „Standard for Suppliers,† says McMillion, â€Å"we outline our expectations that our suppliers must compensate all workers with wages and overtime premiums and benefits that meet or exceed local legal standards, local industry standards, or collective agreements, whichever are higher. † Rajan Kamalanathan, vice president of Ethical Standards, notes that the program is in place to do what is right for factory workers and the environment: â€Å"We not only bring sustainable and positive change to working conditions in factories, we also help build ladders to a better life in the countries where we? re sourcing. The new program is showing results: In 2006m the ethical standards team conducted 8,873 factory audits – more than any other company in the world – leading to a 23 percent decrease in high-risk standards violations. Policing the workplaces and ecological footprints of thousands of international vendors may be a herculean task, but executives at Walmart say it? s a necessary one. Chairman Lee Scott, in a discussion forum sponsored by Fortune magazine, laid out the case for international ethics and corporate social responsibility. â€Å"If China is allowed to produce the world? s goods without following reasonable protocol in protecting the environment and protecting people,† Scott reasoned, â€Å"ultimately governments will react and do something to balance that. So I think it? s in China? s best interest, and I think China understands that. Scott added that socially responsible business is simply good business – by reducing waste and energy usage throughout the supply chain, Walmart is lowering costs and paving a path to higher profits for all. â€Å"We? ve been able to go in and work with individual factories, where instead of costing them more money to do it the right way, the factory is actually able to save cost by doing it the right way. † QUESTIONS 1. Which market entry strategy is Walmart primarily using to enter foreign markets, and why has management chosen this approach? (15 marks) 2. What challenges do Walmart China managers encounter in the international business environment (10 marks) 3. Which of Walmart? s sustainability initiatives do you believe will have greatest positive impact on China? Explain. (15 marks) 7Assignment marking table Individual Report (10% of the module marks) Module Code: D2MGT100 Module Title: Organisations and Management. Student? s Name: _______________________ ID number: _____________ Assessm ent Criteria Question 1: Able to identify the market entry strategy is Walmart primarily using to enter foreign markets, and provide explanation why the management has chosen this approach? Question 2: Able to identify the challenges encountered by Walmart China managers in the international business environment Question 3: Able to discuss Walmart? s sustainability initiatives that have greatest positive impact on China? Explanation is provided.Knowledge of theory: Assignment demonstrates integration and innovation in the selection and handling of theory Clarity of Expression Accuracy, spelling, structure, clarity of messages and information TOTAL 10% of the module marks Comments Marks /15 /10 /15 /5 /5 /50% /10% 8 INSTRUCTIONS 1. The assignment is in essay format with headings and subheadings. The assignment must be TYPED and DOUBLED-SPACED. Font type is Times New Roman and font size must be 12 and justified. 2. The word limit is 1,000 – 1,300. The assignment must contain a word count. 3. The DUE DATE is on Friday, 23rd August 2013. All assignment must be submitted to the Department of Business Studies within the due date with the acknowledgment of receipt from the Department. 4.Sources of information contained in the assignment should be referenced appropriately using Harvard referencing. Assignment should have a complete BIBLIOGRAPHY with listing all books and articles. Plagiarism is a serious form of cheating and is not acceptable which will result in a failure of the coursework. No proper referencing will result in PLAGIARISM. 4. Students would be penalized for not STRICTLY adhering to the instructions. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: 1. Evidence of understanding of relevant management concepts and Theories. 2. Clear and realistic answers. 3. Ability to apply concepts and theories. 4. Clarity of written expression (well structured and ogical flow of ideas; Attention to grammar). 5. Standard of presentation (good layout; careful checking for spelling mistakes and typing errors). 9 Assignment No. : __ Assignment Cover Sheet Student Information (For group assignment, please state names of all members) Name ID Grade/Marks Module/Subject Information Module/Subject Code Module/Subject Name Lecturer/Tutor/Facilitator Due Date Assignment Title/Topic Intake (where applicable) Word Count Declaration Office Acknowledgement Date/Time . I/We have read and understood the Programme Handbook that explains on plagiarism, and I/we testify that, unless otherwise acknowledged, the work submitted herein is entirely my/our own. I/We declare that no part of this assignment has been written for me/us by any other person(s) except where such collaboration has been authorized by the lecturer concerned. . I/We authorize the University to test any work submitted by me/us, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I/We understand this will involve the University or its contractors copying my/our work and storing it on a database to be used in fut ure to test work submitted by others. Note:1) The attachment of this statement on any electronically submitted assignments will be deemed to have the same authority as a signed statement. 2) The Group Leader signs the declaration on behalf of all members. Signature: mail: Date: 10 Feedback/Comments* Main StrengthsMain Weaknesses Suggestions for improvement Student acknowledge feedback/comments Grader? s signature Date: Note: Student? s signature: Date: 1)A soft and hard copy of the assignment shall be submitted. 2)The signed copy of the assignment cover sheet shall be retained by the marker. 3)If the Turnitin report is required, students have to submit it with the assignment. However, departments may allow students up to THREE (3) working days after submission of the assignment to submit the Turnitin report. The assignment shall only be marked upon the submission of the Turnitin report. *Use additional sheets if required. 11 Department of Business StudiesACADEMIC INTEGRITY Honesty a nd Responsibility Academic integrity is an important tenet for HELP University. In pursuit of the highest standards of academic integrity, the Department of Business Studies holds it students to the highest ethical standards defined by the Rules and Regulations section of the Academic Handbook. All students at the Department of Business Studies are subjected to and are bound by the Student Academic Misconduct Rule to assure academic honesty. Students are required to sign a pledge on the assignment cover sheet before submitting your assignments to the Department of Business Studies. What is Plagiarism? Plagiarism is academic dishonesty or academic theft, and it is a serious academic offence.Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to, the followings: 1. quote, paraphrase or summarize someone else? s ideas, theories or data, in whole or in part, without appropriate acknowledgement 2. borrow ideas, opinion or words, in whole or in part, from other sources without properly crediting the author(s) 3. use any facts, statistics, diagrams or graphs, in whole or in part, without acknowledging the source clearly 4. claim or imply original authorship of someone else? s ideas, theories or data, in whole or in part, as your own 5. employ or allow someone to help to revise, amend or write your work and pass off as your own original work 6. collaborate with or allow other students to copy your work 7. raw on sources more than what you have acknowledged by citations While a student is not discouraged to discuss an assignment with his/her friends or classmates, the work he/she submits must be done by the student alone. If a student shares his/her assignment with other students and they plagiarize it, the student is as guilty as those students who plagiarized his/her assignment. All parties to plagiarism are considered equally guilty. Under no circumstances should a student be involved in collusion with other students unless he/she is permitted to work on an assignment jointly b y the lecturer/tutor. If a student is unsure what constitutes plagiarism, he/she is obliged to consult the lecturer/tutor on the matter before submission of his/her assignment. When and How to Reference? Knowing when and how to cite is a student? s responsibility.If he/she is in doubt or need more help on this matter, the student may consult the lecturer/tutor. The following list comprises some of the sources a student will need to reference. The list is by no means exhaustive, but simply consists of the most common sources used by students to complete their work. 1. Books 2. Chapters in books 12 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Journal articles Conference papers Newspaper articles Magazines Websites Study guide Students are advised to cite in the following cases [1]: 1. When he/she quotes two or more words verbatim, or even one word if it is used in a way that is unique to the source 2. When he/she introduce facts that he/she have found in a source 3.When he/she paraphrase or summarize ideas, int erpretations, or conclusions that he/she find in a source 4. When he/she introduce information that is not common knowledge or that may be considered common knowledge in your field, but the reader may not know it 5. When he/she borrow the plan or structure of a larger section of a source? s argument (for example, using a theory from a source and analyzing the same three case studies that the source uses) 6. When he/she build on another? s method found either in a source or from collaborative work in a lab 7. When he/she build on another? s program in writing computer code or on a notcommonly-known algorithm 8.When he/she collaborate with others in producing knowledge In general, a referencing system requires two parts: 1. In-text citations This is information about a source within the text of an assignment. 2. List of references This is a list of all sources a student has used to research his/her assignment. It is alphabetically arranged by author surname and appears immediately aft er the last page of an assignment. Different faculties or departments may have different requirement on how referencing for an assignment should be done. The various formats used for in-text citations and list of references are available in the following websites: 1. Harvard System (http://www. delaide. edu. au/library/guide/gen/harvard. html) 2. Chicago Style (http://www. chicagomanualofstyle. org/index. html) 3. American Psychological Association or APA Style (http://www. apastyle. org) 4. Modern Language Association of America or MLA Style (http://www. mla. org) Once a student has selected a referencing style for his/her assignment, he/she must follow the same style consistently throughout the assignment. We strongly suggest that the student consults the lecturer/tutor about which method to use before submission of his/her assignment. 1 http://www. yale. edu/bass/writing/sources/plagiarism/warning. html, accessed May 18, 2008. 13What are the Procedures and Penalties for Plagiaris m? When a lecturer/tutor encounters a possible case of plagiarism, the lecturer/tutor shall report the matter to the Head of the Department, who then initiates an investigation on the matter. The following procedures would be carried out: 1. The lecturer/tutor shall provide evidence that substantiates an academic offence has occurred. The following documentations must be ready prior to reporting of alleged plagiarism: a. Copy of the alleged plagiarized assignment b. Copy of the source material (e. g. articles, websites, newspaper, etc. ) c. Report of plagiarism d. Any other information that would support the claim of plagiarism 2.If the evidence warrants an accusation of academic offence, the Head of Department shall establish a Board of Inquiry comprising 3 academic staff. The Department shall provide all necessary documentations, including report on prior academic offences if applicable, to the Board of Inquiry. 3. The Board of Inquiry shall put the matter to the student in writin g and give him/her an opportunity to respond to the accusation within 3 working days. 4. The student will be required to attend a meeting with the Board of Inquiry. After meeting the student, the Board of Inquiry shall decide whether or not the alleged plagiarism has occurred. The following documentations shall be submitted to the Head of Department at the end of the meeting: a. Findings of the investigation b.Recommended action(s) to be taken or imposed 5. The Head of Department shall review the Board of Inquiry? s report with supporting evidence and shall decide on an appropriate action(s) based on the recommendation of the Board of Inquiry. 6. The decision of the Head of Department shall be put in writing to the student. Copies of all documentations will be retained in the Department. 7. If the student feels that he/she has been unfairly accused or treated, the student may appeal to the Head of Department within 5 working days. 8. The Head of Department shall review the appeal an d the final decision will be communicated to the student in writing and a copy will be kept with the Department.Once a determination of plagiarism and penalty has been made by the Head of Department, the investigative process will be deemed to have ended and the student will not be allowed to appeal. Possible penalties for plagiarism range from mark reduction for the assignment to expulsion from the University. The student will not be allowed to make up the assignment. If plagiarism has been found to have occurred, the Department will take action(s) as determined by the forms of plagiarism implicated: 1. Complete plagiarism Verbatim copying another person? s work without acknowledgement 1st offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the subject and a warning letter will be issued 2nd offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department 2. Substantial plagiarism Near-verbatim copying another person? work by simply altering the order of the sentences or the format of presentation or by changing a few words or phrases without acknowledgement. 14 Zero mark on the assignment and a warning letter will be issued nd 2 offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the subject and a warning letter will be issued 3rd offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department 3. Minimal plagiarism Acknowledgement is made but paraphrasing by changing and/or eliminating some words 1st offence : Deduction of 50% of available marks on the assignment and a warning letter will be issued nd 2 offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the subject and a warning letter will be issued 3rd offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department 4.Unintentional plagiarism Insufficient acknowledgement by not applying citation or quotation marks correctly 1st offence : Deduction of up to 50% of available marks on the assignment and a warning letter will be issued nd 2 offence : A grade of â€Å"F† in the sub ject and a warning letter will be issued rd 3 offence : Expulsion from the University at the discretion of the Head of Department Pleading ignorance or unintentional plagiarism does not constitute valid reasons for plagiarism and will not avoid the penalties from being imposed. Excuses for acts of plagiarism such as the following, but not limited to, will not be entertained: 1. I don? t have time to do the assignment 2. I have too many assignments due on the same day 3. I don? t know, I really didn? t do it 4. I am not aware 5. I don? t understand what plagiarism means 6. I have no intention to plagiarize 7. I forgot to cite the reference 8. I forgot to include the bibliography 9. My English is not good 10. My lecturer/tutor did not explain to me 11. In my country, it is alright to copy someone else? s work 12. My friend copied my ssignment when I let him/her to look at my assignment 13. My friend copied my assignment when I allow him/her to use my laptop 14. I did my assignment in the computer lab, someone must have copied my work 15. I asked my friend to submit my assignment and he/she copied my work 16. I discussed my assignment with my friends, so our answers are the same/similar 17. Even though I do not have in-text citation but I have bibliography/reference list Students should be reminded that it is their responsibilities to take due care throughout their written work to effectively reference or cite when they use others? ideas from any source. 1st offence : 15